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среда, 4 ноября 2026 г.

The evolution of bicycle

 



The evolution of the bicycle is a fascinating journey of human ingenuity, transforming from a basic wooden push-toy into a highly efficient, high-tech machine. Over two centuries, it evolved from an expensive novelty for aristocrats into the world's most accessible, sustainable form of personal transportation.
Here is the chronological breakdown of how the bicycle evolved:
The Chronological Breakdown
  • 1817 — The "Running Machine" (Laufmaschine / Dandy Horse)
    • Inventor: Baron Karl von Drais (Germany).
    • Features: Made entirely of wood, this device had two wheels and a handlebar for steering, but no pedals. Riders propelled themselves by pushing their feet against the ground. It was also known as the Draisine.
  • 1860s — The Boneshaker (Velocipede)
    • Inventors: Pierre and Ernest Michaux (France).
    • Features: This design introduced pedals and cranks connected directly to the axle of the front wheel. With a wrought-iron frame and metal-banded wooden wheels, riding it over cobblestone streets caused severe vibrations, earning it the nickname "Boneshaker."
  • 1870s — The Penny-Farthing (High-Wheeler)
    • Features: Named after two British coins of vastly different sizes, it featured a massive front wheel and a tiny rear wheel. A single turn of the pedals allowed the rider to travel a large distance, making it much faster. However, it was highly unstable and notorious for causing dangerous "head-first" crashes.
  • 1880s — The Safety Bicycle
    • Inventor: John Kemp Starley (Great Britain) introduced the Rover in 1885.
    • Features: This is the direct ancestor of modern bicycles. It featured two wheels of equal size and a steerable front wheel connected to a rear-wheel chain drive. In 1888, John Boyd Dunlop invented the pneumatic (air-filled) rubber tire, making the ride vastly more comfortable.

Structural Evolution Matrix
Era & ModelDrive SystemFrame MaterialSafety & Comfort Level
1817: LaufmaschineFoot-powered (pushing)WoodLow (rigid wheels, no suspension)
1860s: BoneshakerPedals on front axleIron & WoodPoor (extreme vibration)
1870s: Penny-FarthingDirect drive on front axleSteelHazardous (high center of gravity)
1885: Safety BicycleChain drive to rear wheelSteel tubingHigh (smooth ride via air tires)

The Modern Era & Future Trends
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the bicycle diversified into specialized categories like road racing bikes, mountain bikes (MTBs), BMX, and folding commuter bikes.
Modern bicycle innovation focuses on three major frontiers:

  • Advanced Materials: Heavy steel has been largely replaced by aircraft-grade aluminum, titanium, and ultra-lightweight carbon fiber.
  • The E-Bike Revolution: The integration of compact electric motors and lithium-ion batteries has transformed commuting, opening up cycling to all age groups and fitness levels.
  • Smart Integration: High-end modern bikes now feature electronic, wireless gear shifting, integrated GPS tracking, and smart safety sensors.

вторник, 24 июня 2025 г.

Meet Denny: The 90,000-Year-Old Girl With Two Species for Parents



In 2012, deep inside Siberia’s Denisova Cave, Russian archaeologists uncovered a fossil that would forever change what we thought we knew about human evolution. The bone belonged to a girl, later nicknamed “Denny,” who lived around 90,000 years ago. But Denny wasn’t just an ancient human she was something entirely unprecedented.
DNA analysis revealed a stunning truth: Denny was the daughter of two different ancient human species. Her mother was a Neanderthal. Her father? A Denisovan. She’s the first known hybrid of her kind ever discovered a living link between two distinct branches of the human family tree once thought to be separate.
This wasn’t just a rare fossil it was a revelation. Until Denny, Neanderthals and Denisovans were considered distant cousins, each with their own separate story in our evolutionary past. But this find proved they didn’t just coexist they interacted, interbred, and raised families together. That means human evolution wasn’t a straight line it was a tangled web of connections, migrations, and shared moments.
What’s even more incredible? Modern humans today still carry bits of both Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA. That means Denny’s story isn’t just ancient history it’s part of ours.
So next time you hear the term “early human,” remember Denny. She’s not just a fossil—she’s a testament to how fluid, diverse, and interconnected our species truly is. A child of two worlds, and a reminder that even 90,000 years ago, boundaries were meant to be crossed. 🌌🧬

 

четверг, 15 сентября 2022 г.

Engineered for Human Life

 What if it was possible to finally understand the inner workings of the human mind? Just think of the potential this new knowledge would have for reducing health care costs, overcoming addiction, improving our happiness and so much more. Get ready, because this site will open your eyes to the incredible technology we all have wired inside of us. As the supervisor of computer aided design for a large defense contractor and one of the designers of the space shuttle guidance and navigation system; 



Imagine my surprise when I discovered that the vestibule of our inner ear was actually the same (x-y-z) 3 axis gyro and accelerometer sensor we used to guide the space shuttle.

Overwhelmed and humbled with this knowledge, I started researching the vestibular system from neuroscience research papers I found online. I was blown away with the complexity and design of this incredible sensor. The vestibule was connected to so many different regions of the brain, I needed to create a schematic just to map it. I became frightened when I realized that this technology was more advanced than anything I had worked on in the defense industry. This is 100% advanced engineering we are looking at, not some kind of random design. I could easily understand the engineering design of the vestibule, once I mapped all the connections on paper. Because the vestibule provides the same output as the sensors we designed in the defense industry, we can now better understand the circuitry that is processing this data. Trust me, this level of technology could never create itself, not even in a billion years. Researchers have even pinpointed the exact location in the brain where the vestibule is sending this data to calculate our movement in 3D space.

Researchers have discovered a sophisticated neural computer, buried deep in the cerebellum, that performs inertial navigation calculations to figure out a person's movement through space. "These calculations are no mean feat, emphasized the researchers..  -Brain's Inertial Navigation System Pinpointed: The Cell Press

Little did I know at the time that there was even greater technology I would find. Here are some of the key functions of the vestibule.

    Functions of the Vestibule
  1. Controls our balance through the cerebellum and its own spinal tract
  2. Tracks movement through space using grid and place cells to give us our sense of direction
  3. It stabilizes our vision as we move by firing the eye muscles to keep the eye from shaking
  4. Keeps our eyes on a target as our head turns back and forth when we run
  5. Tracks a target moving across our visual field by processing the visual data and firing our eye muscles
  6. Senses all six degrees of freedom, xyz translational and xyz rotational. (see 6 degrees of freedom)
  7. I believe it also can change our visual refresh rate depending on how fast we are moving

This video from a neuroscience site shows how the Vestibular Sensor works, but does not talk about the incredible systems that process the vestibular output. Unlike biologists, I have worked on these systems, so I understand them.

“What I cannot create, I do not understand.” -Physicist Richard P. Feynman

Mapping the vestibule system was just the beginning of the project. Overwhelmed with this new knowledge, I spent the next six years mapping the rest of the brain. Each line on the maps below represents hundreds to millions of parallel connections that can all be backed up by neuroscience research. Each box in the maps represents millions to billions of data processing interneurons in the cortex, processing live data from our senses like a graphics card. Most scientists would have no idea what's really happening in the brain, because it's all electrical engineering. This work provides a window to unlock the hidden mysteries of the brain.

View These Amazing Brain Maps
All connections can be verified See List of Neuroscience Documents Used



Isaiah 29:14
Therefore once more I will astound these people with wonder upon wonder; the wisdom of the wise will perish, the intelligence of the intelligent will vanish.”

How the Maps Were Created

In order to map the brain so precisely, neuroscientists use various techniques which I will briefly explain here. Using tracers, they inject dye in one region of the brain and the motor proteins of the neurons in that region will carry that chemical down their axons to all the regions that the neuron connects with. Another method would be to use brain scans to monitor what brain regions fire when a subject performs a certain task or views a certain type of image or other sensory input. Researchers typically specialize in just one area of the brain and even spend their entire career on just that one region. So as a design engineer, I was able to use thousands of research papers to construct the maps. From an engineering perspective, we are hi-tech, biological robots with the ability to form our own spirit using the inputs and experiences we receive throughout our life. Words and experiences can change the wiring and affect "who we are". Be sure to check out the End of Evolution page for even greater discoveries that will really blow your mind. Did you know that the brain has a region that recognizes and processes nude body parts and a processing region just for facial recognition? See The Brain section to find out more.

How the Vestibule Proves Man Could Not Evolve

Without the vestibule and all its related processing circuits, we couldn't even stand upright; we couldn't walk; we couldn't hunt for food; we couldn't see straight or even find our way back home. In fact, the vestibule is so important to our survival that mankind could not exist without it. In order for the vestibule to work, the three loops require 90 degree x-y-z construction and the three linear accelerometers also require 90 degree construction to be mathematically functional. So it is impossible for the vestibule to have evolved over time. The vestibule had to be built correctly from the beginning. It also had to be wired with all the electronics required to process the output of the signals, otherwise the sensor would provide no benefit of any kind. I traced all these axon wires through the brainstem, into the cerebellum, then out the spine. There's so much engineering, it's screaming intelligent design. Even Darwin himself said that discoveries like this would prove his theory to be false. So how did this ultra high-tech sensor get into the brains of all humans, animals, birds and reptiles? Frightened that this level of intelligence existed in the universe, I gave up my trust in science and spent the next 6 years wiring up the brain.

The human brain is a highly complex electronics system of over 80 billion neurons making over 60 trillion highly organized connections. Since each connection (or synapse) works like a transistor, we can now estimate the brain's processing power to be more than 34,000 iPhone processors.


It's In Our DNA


Most people might not realize this, but all engineers would know, that building anything this complex takes highly detailed drawings or electronic data and lots of assembly instructions. So where could all this data be stored? It must be in our DNA. Our DNA contains about 16GB of data per strand. All living things begin as one cell with one copy of DNA. The laws of engineering prove that all the instructions to wire up and assemble a human must be contained in that one strand of DNA. We are not talking just "genes" here but point to point wiring instructions for all neurons, bone shape assembly, muscle attachment locations, blood vessel plumbing diagrams and more. The human body is an engineering masterpiece and whoever designed it deserves our highest level of praise. Click here to learn more about DNA and how even Microsoft is using DNA for data storage. Even Ben Franklin did not believe in evolution because he was intelligent enough to observe Wisdom in what was created.

"It is that particular wise and good God, who is the Author and Owner of our (solar) System, that I propose for the Object of my Praise and Adoration.; For I conceive that he has in himself some of those Passions he has planted in us, and that, since he has given us Reason whereby we are capable of observing his Wisdom in the Creation." -Ben Franklin Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion Nov 20, 1728

We now have 100% engineering proof that all this incredible technology is stored in our DNA because, as Ben Franklin said, we can see it in the Creation. Just look at those brain maps and you can now see how our brain works and how organized it really is. Remember that each box on the map contains millions of interneurons that work like integrated circuits to process the information it receives from other regions. The lines you see on the map are just the interconnection between processing regions. There is no way we would be here today if our DNA did not contain all this assembly and wiring data. Can humans really be that gullible to have believed in evolution? Can we really be that blind? Apparently so. Isn't it about time that scientists accept the science? If you still have doubts that mankind is too complex to evolve, you owe it to yourself and your family to study the research on this site. See all the amazing electronic systems I have wired up on the End of Evolution page. Now that we finally have engineering proof that evolution is not possible, what other lies might we be blindly believing? (see the Truth). It seems that the evolution theory was conceived long before Darwin.

Isaiah 29:15-18
Woe to those who go to great depths to hide their plans from the Lord, who do their work in darkness and think, “Who sees us? Who will know?” You turn things upside down, as if the potter were thought to be like the clay! Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it, “You did not make me”? Can the pot say to the potter, “You know nothing”? In that day the deaf will hear the words of the scroll, and out of gloom and darkness the eyes of the blind will see.

And that is the state of the world today; people living in gloom and darkness.

https://bit.ly/3qIDFd0


воскресенье, 14 июня 2020 г.

Juan Enriquez: Will our kids be a different species? - Будут ли наши дети другими видами?





Throughout human evolution, multiple versions of humans co-existed. Could we be mid-upgrade now? At TEDxSummit, Juan Enriquez sweeps across time and space to bring us to the present moment -- and shows how technology is revealing evidence that suggests rapid evolution may be under way.

Juan Enríquez Cabot (born 1959) is a Mexican-American academic, businessman, author, and speaker. He is currently the Managing Director of Excel Venture Management.


На протяжении человеческой эволюции сосуществовали разные версии людей. Можем ли мы быть в середине обновления сейчас? На TEDxSummit Хуан Энрикес пронзает время и пространство, чтобы приблизить нас к настоящему моменту, и показывает, как технологии открывают доказательства, свидетельствующие о том, что может происходить быстрая эволюция. Хуан Энрикес Кабот (род. 1959) - мексиканско-американский ученый, бизнесмен, писатель и докладчик. В настоящее время он является управляющим директором Excel Venture Management.


пятница, 29 декабря 2017 г.

The Internet of Things in 2017: trends, technologies, market data and evolutions

The Internet of Things will connect existing systems and then augment those by connecting more things, thanks to wireless sensor networks and other technologies. Things on the 'edge' form mesh networks and can make their own automated decisions. But where and how, in the scale of hype to reality, can the Internet of Things profit suppliers and users today? What are the pragmatic steps needed to enable the Internet of Things and widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks that are feasible and based on an ROI and not the hope someone else will pay for this? Who is buying IoT in the short term? 


A look into some of the main IoT trends for 2017, based on research, observations and different sources.
In March 2017, market research firm Ovum released a list of essential IoT trends for 2017, in collaboration with Internet of Things World. That seemed like a good opportunity to cover some major key IoT trends and predictions too.
We tackle the 5 essential Internet of Things (IoT) trends worth watching in the overall Internet of Things market according to the the organizers of Internet of Things World 2017 and Ovum, add some context and comments and, while we were at it, add over a dozen IoT trends.

The growth of scalable IoT projects and rise of cross-industry IoT deployments

First things first: the 5 IoT trends as reported by the two mentioned parties. Ovum stresses that 2016 was an important year for the Internet of Things but that 2017 is even more important and disruptive, both for the IoT technology players and the many industries where IoT projects are being deployed.
In fact, here is already one IoT trend we can add: based on data regarding the increasing maturity, scalability and deployment of effective IoT projects, beyond the proof of concept stage, this move towards scalable IoT projects is an IoT trend for 2017 for sure. That was our IoT trend number 1.
M&A activity in the IoT market will increase as providers continue to differentiate their offerings
Today, the majority of ‘significant and disruptive’ IoT trends as Ovum puts it are still mainly happening in industrial settings such as manufacturing (Industry 4.0), transportation and utilities, certainly from an IoT spending perspective. Other IoT projects relate to automotive, retail, consumer IoT, ad hoc IoT-enabled smart city projects and so forth. Moreover, cross-industry IoT use cases and deployments are on the rise and will rise even more in 2017 which is IoT trend number 2. Update: according to June 2017 data by IDC on IoT investments, cross-industry IoT cases will reach $86 billion by the end of 2017. That is more than the second largest industry from an IoT investment perspective (transportation, good for $85 billion).
Taking all this into account and without further ado a look at those five key IoT trends for 2017, as reported by Ovum and Internet of Things World 2017.

IoT connectivity: LPWA technologies become mainstream

The first key IoT trend for 2017, according to Ovum (that’s IoT trend number 3 in our list so far) is the fact that LPWA(N) goes mainstream and is poised to support far more Internet of Things use cases.
The announcement doesn’t mention Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies in the unlicensed spectrum such as LoRa and Sigfox, to name just two. Ovum and Internet of Things World 2017 rather point out Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and LTE-M (Long Term Evolution for Machines). In other words: Ovum emphasizes the cellular LPWA evolutions or the two standards which have been standardized within the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project).

A nice overview of the cellular LPWA technologies Ovum mentions in an infographic from Sierra Wireless – source press release new LPWA modules
Among the main IoT use cases for LPWA which Ovum mentions: smart city applications, smart metering and the connected home.
Non-cellular LPWAN technologies such as LoRa and Sigfox are also used in many smart city projects and virtually all applications where a low-cost, low-bandwidth and long battery life technology is needed, precisely what LPWA, whether it’s cellular or not, is all about.

IoT connectivity: non-cellular LPWAN will prove to be underestimated

Although unlicensed LPWAN technologies today account for a relatively small portion of all IoT cases and investments, we’re pretty sure that, certainly in the increasing number of countries where nationwide coverage exists and in the many large cities and regions where they are planned, they will more than add to the fact that LPWA goes – more – mainstream, with an increasing number of IoT use cases and deployments as a result.
And that brings us to ‘our’ IoT trend number 4. If we look at the many projects where unlicensed spectrum LPWAN is being deployed (e.g. a LoRaWAN testbed in London), the advent of decent new actors in the field (e.g. TrackNet, which raised $7 million), the large companies which are investing in LPWAN players and ecosystems (take a look at the list of the investors in the latest Sigfox investment round) and the technological evolutions whereby multiple connectivity solutions get supported, among other reasons, we believe that the non-cellular LPWA market is underestimated and its growth is yet another IoT trend for 2017 as investments outside the Industrial Internet of Things will grow and companies will roll out low-risk pilots.
If you want an example of the – according to us, underestimated – role of non-cellular LPWA, take a look at what the Airport of Schiphol in The Netherlands is doing.
What is true though is that the non-cellular market evolved first and mainly outside of the US, according to us a reason why it’s underestimated (for now).

IoT security becomes a top IoT priority

This seems like an obvious prediction or, rather IoT trend (number 5), not just given the many security incidents in 2016. If IoT security would not become a core focus for enterprises and providers as Ovum and Internet of Things World put it, we would have a serious issue.
As mentioned previously, and as Ovum also states, security needs to be and will be part of every SERIOUS IoT deployment discussion. This is not just the case for consumer-oriented IoT but also for Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things. As we tackled previously, security concerns remain a key showstopper in IIoT, where attacks are on the rise, as well.
64% of security professionals recognize the need to take precautions against IIoT attacks as they increase
Moreover, just security isn’t enough. While security concerns the protection of data and the related technologies, we also need to look at the protection of personal data, what privacy is all about. Blockchain (see below) is poised to play an increasing role here.

IoT regulation becomes a key priority

One of the reasons to do so is the regulatory context. Think about the GDPR and the ePrivacy Regulation, for instance.
In fact, Ovum states that IoT security is coming onto the radar for regulators, which for us is yet another IoT trend as such (that’s number 6 if we counted well). As we mentioned and as we suppose Ovum means, this is also the case outside the scope of EU regulations.
Even if the FTC seems to go for a self-regulation approach we do indeed see and expect regulatory plans and intentions rising. It’s important to note that in the context of regulatory frameworks such as the GDPR and eRegulation, there are specific aspects which need to be tackled regarding the Internet of Things and its technologies.

Analytics and machine learning

Time for IoT trend number 7. According to the announcement of Ovum, Big Data and machine learning will unlock new IoT opportunities.
With this key IoT trend, Ovum in fact summarizes several evolutions. One is the clear shift of the delivery of IoT data analytics to the point of data capture/aggregation or the edge. Indeed: the fog or fog computing. Once more, we believe that this too is an IoT trend for 2017 as such: the fast rise of fog computing (IoT trend number 8).
A second evolution in the context of Big Data, analytics and machine learning is the rise of new tools for streaming data analytics, Ovum states (IoT trend number 9). Both evolutions fit in a context of the enablement of leveraging IoT data to feed all sorts of artificial intelligenceapplications, including the feeding of machine-leaning engines.

The growth of as-a-service business models

IoT trend number 10 (five in the list of Ovum and Internet of Things World 2017): the disruptive impact of the IoT will drive the growth of new as-a-service business models.
Most definitely yes. In fact, if you look at a large majority of Industrial Internet of Things cases (look at the case of ABB Robotics, for example, there are plenty more) one of the key digital transformation effects on a business model level is the move towards information-based business models and as-a-service models, making quite some large players develop entirely new services and shifting business models.
We definitely also agree that these ‘innovative business models will continue to evolve in many IoT verticals’ as Ovum predicts, including as-a-service and event-based charging models.

The adoption of as-a-service IoT solutions

We’re adding IoT trend 11 for 2017 here: the growth of as-a-service-models IN the Internet of Things solutions and deployment ‘stack’.
Just as the Internet of Things continues to drive evolutions towards as-a-service model, companies with Internet of Things projects will increasingly use platforms and solutions to enable them in an as-a-service approach. Just one example: Internet of Things security as a service is poised to grow fast.
By 2021, overall market revenues for IoT managed security services are poised to surpass $11 Billion

IoT service providers will increasingly focus on a diversification regarding technologies

The reason: customer needs become more diverse. This is definitely another IoT trend (number 12).
As we see more complex and scalable IoT deployments this is an inevitable evolution. It happens on all levels. Although strictly not a service provider, Cisco for instance already supports several technologies for client projects. The same happens with service providers on other levels. According to Ovum, service providers will also focus more on developer outreach.

The growth and increasing diversity of an IoT channel

We’ve covered all the Ovum trends so let’s look at some more.
IoT trend number 13: an IoT channel will continue to emerge and grow as IT service firms, vendors and distributors seek to diversify revenues and offerings, adding IoT to their portfolios in the scope of their existing strengths in particular areas (e.g. verticals, security, etc.).
This will also happen outside or IT and telecom and among businesses that are not typically part of the IT channel. Examples include marketing firms, offering IoT solutions for which they’ll also need IoT technologies and facility management and smart building companies, convincing their existing channel partners to include IoT solutions in their offerings for existing and new end customers.

Ten more IoT trends and predictions for 2017

We have 13 IoT trends but let’s summarize some more and of course there are even more than those we mention next…
  • Although 5G is not ready for prime-time, we’ll see industry consortium efforts grow to push the 5G agenda and market. This will happen within the Fog Consortium Group’s efforts and in new industry initiatives.
  • The attention for blockchain and IoT convergence will grow, yet blockchain flaws will need to be fixed as public key is a no-brainer for quantum computers.
  • As growth, securtity, analytics and connectivity will require more AI and IBM is boosting its Watson IoT spend and initiatives the battle for AI IoT dominance will increase, mainly for specific verticals.
  • M&A activity in the IoT market will increase as providers continue to differentiate their offerings.
  • Consumer IoT adoption will grow but regulatory uncertainties in specific regions will surface new security and privacy challenges, among others regarding voice assistants.
  • Healthcare payers will step up their efforts to deploy new ways to connect IoT data with healthcare plans.
  • Disappointment regarding early smart city IoT deployments will grow while new smart city IoT deployments will increasingly fit in the holistic smart city picture and will be driven by real challenges.
  • Retailers will invest less in testing a variety of IoT use cases and focus more on the supply chain and use cases that offer immediate benefits.
  • The adoption of wearables will grow faster than expected outside of the consumer wearables context and in verticals such as healthcare and manufacturing.
  • IT and OT integration in the Industrial Internet is on the rise but hindred by security concerns, slowing down integration.
  • The number of connected devices will grow and there will be more security breaches.
https://goo.gl/BqhjSA