среда, 9 мая 2018 г.

The 15 Coolest Places to Go in 2018

The world keeps getting bigger. Every serious traveler I know says their wish list grows longer, not shorter, every time they dip into a new region or hear about where someone else has been.
So how to decide? What’s newly (or still) safe or newly uncovered? What’s hovering between charming sleepiness and overdeveloped soullessness? What must we see before it changes forever? Which places will transform us? And where can we get away from it all and finally get to breathe?
I put those questions to experts at several high-end travel companies. These super-agents knows what they’re talking about, keeping their ears on their clients’ interests and their eyes on the adventures they themselves have in every corner of the world. Here’s what on their radar for next year.
Koh Russey, Cambodia

Cambodia
There was already more to the country than Angkor Wat, but 2018 is likely to be the year that makes that known to the world. John Spence, US president of  Scott Dunn, says, “an array of new luxury hotel openings will allow travelers to explore some of the lesser-known regions,” some with bone-white beaches. Six Senses and Alila are setting up shop on Krabey Island and Koh Russey, Rosewood is opening a hotel in Phnom Penh (along with Siem Reap), and Bill Bensley’sShinta Mani Wild tented camp is one of the most hotly anticipated openings in the world.
Chable in the Yucatan

The Yucatan Peninsula and Mexico City
Black Tomato is a champion of Mexico beyond the expected tourists stops. They’re directing guests toward the interior of the Yucatan, where they can book a full-day helicopter trip to view the Monarch butterfly migration, spend some time (or some days) at the new high-luxe Chablé resort and ride a private hot air balloon over the Teotihuacan ruins, then head back to Mexico City, a dynamic metropolis that has been named as a World Design Capital for 2018.
Salyar de Uyuni, Bolivia

Bolivia
Indagare founder Melissa Biggs Bradley says Bolivia is “pulsing with the energy of a country on the verge. While the destination is known for its dramatic, otherworldly scenery—the Salar de Uyuni salt flats could be called the southern hemisphere’s Iceland—the cultural capital, La Paz, is just hitting its stride and recently emerged as a foodie capital.” Noma co-founder Claus Meyer’s social-good-minded Gustu now makes the 50 Best list, new destination restaurants are opening, and the new luxury hotels include Atix.
A rendering of Jabali Ridge in Tanzania

Southern Tanzania
Scott Dunn’s Spence is excited about the less explored parts of the country. Asilia’s new Jabali Ridge in Ruaha National Park—the country’s biggest and least visited national park—is “the ultimate in luxury lodges and has bought a whole new level of accommodation to this area,” he says. Selous, the other compelling game reserve in the south, also has a new Asilia in the form of “a stunning tented camp called Roho Ya Selous,where you can do wonderful walking and boating safaris.” 
Hobart Harbor

Tasmania
Going Down Under has never been easier, thanks to new flight routes from London to Perth and Houston to Sydney. Now it’s time to get off the beaten path, says the cofounder and owner of Black Tomato, Tom Marchant. “The region of Hobart epitomizes Tasmania’s remote location and showcases a rugged wilderness, punctuated by a thriving arts scene, hip foodie haunts and flavor-packed wines rivaling those of the mainland. Countless galleries, such as the Mona, position the island as an exciting destination in its own right,” and new places to stay include the urban Macq 01 Hotel and adventure-mindedTruffle Lodge.
Asheville Mountain

Asheville, North Carolina
“It’s no secret that America’s southern cities are having a moment,” says Indagare’s Biggs Bradley. “Asheville has a character that is at once hipster and classic Americana.” Cradled by the Blue Ridge Mountains, the city is home to gorgeous scenery (including a lovely botanical garden), historic mansions (the 19th-century Biltmore Estate is the largest private home in the world) and a remarkable arts scene. “Don’t miss Woolworth Walk to shop the works of dozens of local artisans and stop for a milkshake at the preserved luncheonette counter. But Asheville isn’t limited to classic cuisine; hungry travelers can enjoy everything from tapas to innovative cocktails to Asian street food.”
Safari in Chad

Chad
In 2018 GeoEx will lead its first clients into a country wildly devoid of tourism to explore Zakouma National Park, home to one of the world’s most diverse grassland ecosystems and a massive rehabilitated herd of elephants—a great conservation success story. “We are one of the few tour operators that have been awarded private, weeklong trips in the park,” explains GeoEx safari expert Starla Estrada. “We’ve enlisted a dynamic duo of leaders: legendary safari guide Brad Hansen and Royal Geographic Society member Kingsley Holgate, a globally respected expert on remote African tribes.”
Chili Beach in Jericoacoara

Northern Brazil
New direct flights from São Paulo to Jericoacoara are opening up this hard-to-reach part of the county. Previously accessible only with 4×4s, motorbikes and dune buggies, Jericoacoara is a tiny fishing village on the northern coast, which until 20 years ago had no road network or electricity and money hardly ever changed hands. The best hotel is the Chili Beach, a laid-back boutique resort situated on the edge of the village. “It’s cool, quirky and boasting brilliant yet discreet service,” says Scott Dunn’s Spence. Also, beginning in January, Americans will be able to apply for electronic visas online.
The picturesque village Kirkjubour

Faroe Islands
Technically part of the Kingdom of Denmark, this archipelago is an autonomous country with a culture (and language and currency) all its own. “These cultural offerings are front and center on the global stage at the moment, but swarms of tourists haven’t yet descended,” says Indagare’s Biggs Bradley of the 18 islands between the Norwegian Fjords, Scottish Highlands and Iceland. “Though the entire nation is home to just about 50,000 people, it has fabulous restaurants, one with a Michelin star, that benefit from the islands’ phenomenal access to some of the world’s best seafood.” It also has landscape of surreal mountains and cliffs, countless waterfalls, grass-roofed houses and dramatic oceans—and countless proud puffins, shaggy sheep and diminutive Faroese ponies.
Aysen

Aysén, Chile
Nowhere is quite so adventurous, and untouched, as Aysén, Northern Patagonia’s final frontier,” says Black Tomato’s Marchant. The remote, sparsely populated land of vast glaciers, snow-capped peaks and jagged fjords is “a place to disconnect from the world and revel in the splendid isolation that its otherworldly, landscapes inspire.” It’s where Black Tomato’s travel planners send guests who want to escape the crowds of Torres del Paine.
The Duomo cathedral in Milan

Milan
Milan is no longer the stopover destination that it once was, according to Indagare’s Biggs Bradley. “The country’s most modern metropolis has bloomed in recent years as a design mecca. The recent openings of the Prada Foundation andArmani/Silos museum, plus the ongoing success of the yearly Salone del Mobile furniture fair, have put Milan officially on the world's stage. Add in a collection of ultra-luxurious hotels, fabulous (and innovative) Italian food and some of the best architecture in Europe, and Milan’s momentum shows no signs of stopping.”
Central Tibet

Central Tibet
Ace trek leader Vassi Koutsaftis, who has guided many of GeoEx’s pioneering adventures, is always on the lookout for ways to take intrepid travelers deeper into Tibet. He created a new trip to do just that, focusing a moderate four-day trek on lush Yangpachen Valley, the 800-year-old Tsurphu Monastery and the colorful celebrations of an annual Buddhist festival. Bookending the trek is time in Lhasa, Shigatse, and Gyantse, where Vassi shares the highlight sites, as well as his favorite local haunts.
Chitimba beach on Lake Malawi

Malawi
Black Tomato’s Marchant says this country is “ripe for discovery. It offers sprawling, wildlife-rich national parks that make for the perfect safari away from the crowds, while the vast expanse of Lake Malawi is the perfect beach retreat with its endless white-sand coastlines and crystal clear waters perfect for snorkeling.” The year 2017 saw the completion of the groundbreaking #500Elephants project, the largest elephant translocation in human history. Alongside these wonderful creatures, Malawi’s Nkhotakota Reserve has received hundreds of other animals. Next year will see the return of theLake of Stars music festival and the opening of Robin Pope Safari’s new Kuthengo Camp in Liwonde National Park.
The Nile River

Egypt
Open-minded travelers are slowly returning as the country experiences continuous political stability. Luxury tour operators such as Indagare have reported a swift increase in tourism in the past year. “Egypt’s famous sites are still uncrowded, though,” says Biggs Bradley, “allowing travelers to have meaningful experiences at some of the world’s most notable locations—think horseback riding around the Great Sphinx of Giza and touring pyramids with renowned Egyptologists. And while the country is known for its age-old ancient treasures, new finds continue to be uncovered. Last summer, archeologists discovered two important artifacts: an ancient pyramid and a pharaoh’s head.”
Who Knows Where?
“A journey into the unknown, the mystery trip, your ultimate answer to the sacred call of adventure!” is how Evergreen X founder Jake Haupert describes the EG-X “X for the Unknown”trips he’s launching. His team selects the destination based on in-depth conversations in which guests are encouraged to be vulnerable and share what it is they’re truly seeking. The rest is left to Evergreen X and their deep appreciation for real travel, where you don’t know what lies ahead. “With travelers not privy to the destination until they arrive at the airport, the suspense draws out the dormant explorer inside of them, forcing them to set intentions, be mindful and be prepared for everything,” he says. “Our hope is that by releasing the expectations of place, we’re able to take the journey within, harken back to the roots of travel, slow it down, open it up for unplanned exploration so you can recalibrate your inner compass.”

вторник, 8 мая 2018 г.

Два-три кілограми власних бактерій керують поведінкою та здоров’ям людини

Ілюстрація Ольги Матвієнко

Ми й мікроби нашого тіла: «Хто в домі хазяїн ?» , або «Кишечник – другий мозок людини»

До появи наукової можливості розшифрувати генетичний код клітини кишечник залишався свого роду «білою плямою на мапі людського тіла». Науковці знали, що в кишечнику людини живуть і розмножуються мікроорганізми, допомагаючи перетравлювати їжу, виробляти вітаміни, але повного їх переліку встановити не могли. Причина була проста: більшість мікроорганізмів не можуть жити поза людським тілом. Таким чином, ні розгледіти їх під мікроскопом, ні відтворити їхні колонії штучно науковці не могли. Все змінилося за останнє десятиріччя. 
Консорціум американських вчених з 80-ти дослідницьких інститутів у 2007 році розпочав вивчення мікрофлори людського тіла шляхом розшифрування генетичного коду кожного мікроба. Вартість цього проекту «Мікробіом людини» становила 173 мільйони доларів, і він ще триває.
Однак уже встановлені результати повністю змінили погляд на біологію людини і мають революційний характер. Що ж нового було відкрито?

Сенсація перша: у людині 2-3 кг бактерій


Доведено, що в організмі людини знаходиться більш ніж 10тисяч видів різних мікробів. На одну клітину людського тіла припадає десять мікроорганізмів. У тілі однієї людини живе сотня трильйонів бактерій! Мікроорганізми становлять від 1-го до 3-х відсотків маси тіла людини. Тобто людина вагою 90 кілограмів має в собі 3 кілограми бактерій!
Ці розрахунки становлять першу сенсацію.

Сенсація друга: ми – на 99% мікроби

Другим принциповим відкриттям був результат і аналіз математичного підрахунку генів. З’ясувалось, що в генетичному коді людини міститься 22 тисячі генів, а гени бактерій становлять вісім мільйонів. Тобто на один ген людини приходиться сотня генів мікробів! При цьому мікробні гени є важливим доповненням до людських генів, бо активно «працюють» у нашому організмі, забезпечуючи синтез необхідних ферментів і речовин. І умовно генетично ми на 99% – мікроби, а наші гени – лише 1%! Саме відтоді науковці змінили назву «мікрофлора» на більш глибоке поняття «мікробіом» і запропонували людське тіло розглядати як «понадорганізм» або «надорганізм».

Сенсація третя: бактерії керують людиною

Третя сенсація – науковий факт, що всі ці бактерії не є «тихими пасажирами» людського тіла. Вони здатні активно впливати на свого «хазяїна» і навіть… керувати його поведінкою! У процесі своєї життєдіяльності мікроорганізми виділяють речовини, подібні до тих, що регулюють активність клітин головного мозку, так званих нейромедіаторів. Ці речовини всмоктуються через кишечник у кров, потім із током крові потрапляють у головний мозок, стимулюють клітини головного мозку і, таким чином, змінюють наші відчуття, бажання, емоції. 

Чому важко постувати 40 днів?

Наприклад, ви щодня їсте м’ясо і от вирішили постувати. 
У вас у кишечнику живе велика кількість бактерій, які харчуються саме м’ясом, це їх субстрат. Якщо ви будете постувати 40 днів, то вони загинуть без своєї їжі «з голоду», і у вашому тілі зменшиться кількість цих гнилісних бактерій або може і зовсім їх не буде. Але гнилісні бактерії не хочуть цього і виділяють біологічні речовини, які, потрапляючи до вас у мозок, змушують вас думати, що ви не наїлися без м’яса, що вам його дуже хочеться  тощо. 
Саме тому багато людей не може витримувати постів. 
Аналогічний приклад може бути наведений і з солодкими і борошняними виробами – нестерпним бажанням їх з’їсти керує цукорлітична мікрофлора. Учені встановили цей факт впливу бактерій на емоції й поведінку людей. Після цього з’явились сенсаційні заяви, що «кишечник – другий мозок людини». 
Сьогодні розлади мікрофлори, так звані дисбактеріози, розглядаються як одна із причин поганого настрою, депресії, розумового розвитку дитини і навіть таких захворювань, як аутизм і нейродегенерація. 
Коли ви прочитаєте вищевикладене, у вас, можливо, виникне запитання: «Все це цікаво, але до чого тут людське здоров’я?»
Відповідаємо: людина для мікроорганізмів є середовищем проживання, мов ліс для тварин, озеро для риб. Кожен із нас разом зі своїми власними бактеріями створює унікальну екосистему. Від правильної роботи цієї «екологічної системи людського тіла» і залежить головним чином «фундамент» її здоров’я. Хоча роль мікроорганізмів у цьому продовжує вивчатись, але вже доведено, що вони в широкому розумінні не вороги нам. 
Здорова, постійна, збалансована мікрофлора нашого тіла – запорука правильного засвоєння ним харчових речовин і основа нашого імунітету. Немає здорової мікрофлори – людина часто хворіє застудними захворюваннями, у неї виникають розлади обміну речовин, аутоімунні хвороби і рак. Тепер подумайте над відповіддю на запитання: «Хто в домі хазяїн?»
Який сенс в усіх економічних і технічних досягненнях людства, коли вінець творіння – людина не розуміє таких простих основ щодо свого здоров’я?

Автори рубрики «Школа здорового життя» лікарі-терапевти 
професор, доктор медичних наук Потяженко М.М.,
кандидат медичних наук Невойт Г.В.

CAFO Beef and Mad Cow. Big Meat’s Tale of Two Shitties


This article is from my upcoming book titled InflaNATION: Industrial Diners and a Doc in the Box. One of my chapters reveals the appalling nature to which Big Meat will go in providing us with cheap beef while maintaining maximal profits. Because of this we are all still extremely vulnerable to being exposed to the prion disease from mad cows. Part one below explores the Industrial Meat Industry called CAFO for confined animal feeding operation, I’ll call all the stuff associated with the industry as simply Big Meat.

This section for me is one of the most fascinating areas of inquiry I have ever researched. The use of the word fascinating might conjure up an idea of “goodness” or something spellbinding in a positive way. Well, no the confined animal feeding operations or CAFO industry is so revolting that I can’t stop thinking about it. That’s what’s fascinating.

Factory farms allow us to be removed from taking personal responsibility for raising our own food. There is no one to be held accountable for raising garbage food or treating animals inhumanely because the system has taken on a life of its own.(Sustainable Table).

First off if you deliberately tried to be more grotesque it would take some effort. The CAFO industry for example could engineer legless animals with only brainstems, put them in Matrix pods….the truth is they are already thinking of breeding brainless animals and god only knows like muscle cell cultures that the FDA is already saying is no different from real meat. If it’s no different from real steak then you eat it.

That brings me to a story. A good friend of mine loves meat and he often has us over for a BBQ. He also loves CAFO meat even though he could afford organic or grass fed. I was sitting in the kitchen one night when he and my other bud walked in carrying a huge platter of right-off-the-grill steaks. Preceding their entry by a second or two was the scent from their No Name brand steaks. This was no ordinary bouquet of delicious BBQ it was the unmistakable scent, right down to it sticking on my shoe, of dog shit. It was actually so bad that I was certain someone had stepped into a steaming pile and tracked it into the house.

But it wasn’t dog shit at all. No it was just CAFO meat off gassing its feed-lot dinner. You see by law steers and cows can be fed a lot of really weird stuff under the name of protein and yes, one of those weird things is shit and lots of it. I’ll get to the animal waste and to the rendering industry in a minute but first let’s cover the basics on CAFO and the omega story.

THE OMEGA COW

CAFO meat is really a whole different animal than grass fed meat. One of the many bad attributes of CAFO meat is the poor omega 6 to omega 3 ratio of fatty acids. We now know (right?) from reading earlier in this chapter the inflammatory effects of the omega 6 FA’s. We therefore want to avoid eating too much of these. One of the things that CAFO does is produce meat with very high omega 6’s to omega 3’s something on the order of 20:1 maybe higher. This happens because the food given to feed lot beef is very high in omega 6 FA’s and low in omega 3 FA’s. The end result is that the meat resembles the feed. In figure 6 below you can see the various omega 6 Vs omega 3 ratios of cattle feed. Notice how high grass is in healthy omega 3 fats.

Figure 6 (US Dairy Forage Research Center, 1995 Research Summaries.)



In figure 7 we see that wild animal meats are closer to 3:1 depending on the species-more in line with how our ancestors ate. Grass fed is about 2:1. The exact numbers are not important. What is important is that grass fed and wild meats are neutral or anti-inflammatory whereas CAFO meat is highly inflammatory because of its omega 6’s promotion of AA and the “bad” eicosanoids. One study found that the muscle meat of production steers and cows fed protein concentrates (AKA rendered animals) is very high in the pro-inflammatory FA arachidonic acid.[1] CAFO meat is also raised with the GMO grains corn and soy. I haven’t talked about GMO’s yet but they are the other science experiment Big Agra and the government is performing on us right now.

Figure 7 ( GJ Miller, “Lipids in Wild Ruminant Animals and Steers.” J. of Food Quality, 9:331-343, 1986.)

A POWERFUL CANCER FIGHTER FOUND ONLY IN GRASS FED

Furthermore CAFO is devoid of Conjugated Linoleic acid or CLA a special fat with remarkable health benefits. It is found abundantly in grass fed and wild animal meat up to five times more. In fact modern pastured animals have a wonderful, healthy, FA profile something our Paleolithic ancestors would have been very comfortable eating.[2]

CLA provides a number of excellent health benefits including:[3]

Fighting cancer and diabetes
Helping you lose weight
Increasing your metabolic rate, a positive benefit for promoting normal thyroid function
Helping you maintain normal cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Enhancing your immune system
In fact, grass fed beef is the richest known source of CLA. It is a powerful cancer fighter. In an animal study published in Cancer Research just a tiny percent (1.5%) of total calories contributed by CLA provided a whopping 60% decrease in tumor growth.[4] In a Finnish study women who ate the most CLA had an equivalent 60% drop in their risk of breast cancer.[5]

One of the richest CLA containing products is grass fed cheese containing five times the amount contained in conventional pesticide ridden cheese.

According to Tilak Dhiman a professor in Utah State University’s Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Department. Professor Dhiman estimates that if you are an omnivore you may be able to lower your risk of cancer simply by eating daily one serving of meat, one slice of cheese and one glass of milk from a grass-fed cow.[6]

Apparently taking a CLA supplement is not the same. This is in stark contrast to the findings from another study, which found that the type of CLA used in supplements has been associated with an array of negative side effects, such as:

Promoting insulin resistance
Raising glucose levels
Reducing HDL (good cholesterol)
Stomach upset
Clearly, getting your CLA from a natural source like grass-fed beef is the logical choice when faced with such findings![7]



GRASS FED VERSES ORGANIC

Be sure to understand the distinction between grass fed and organic beef. Organic beef means that it was raised without antibiotics and hormone pellets and was fed certified organic feed which could include not just grasses and hay but grains as well like corn and soy. Most organic beef I come across is grain fed and grain finished which means that this meat has the same FA profile as conventional beef which is no good. The best option therefore is to buy grass fed and grass finished which will have the healthier profile low in omega 6 FA’s, rich in CLA, also higher concentrations of vitamin E ( 4 times higher than CAFO) and beta carotene. If it’s grass fed and grain finished the FA profile is ruined also. The best bet is to look for grass fed which implies grass finished but ask to be sure or call the company.

PESTICIDE RESIDUES

Pesticides are another overwhelming feature of CAFO meat. Since they are conventionally raised each cow is given a pesticide patch transdermally and hence is chock full of pesticide residues as well as fungicides, herbicides, industrial chemicals, toxins, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals from the conventional feed mix containing rendered protein concentrates. (see below).

People who are exposed to farm chemicals have a much greater rate of Parkinson’s Disease, according to recent studies. Whether they are farm workers who are applying the chemicals or people who happen to live nearby, exposure to chemicals such as paraquat or the fungicide “maneb”  increases the risk of Parkinsonism by 75 percent. There is no cure for this progressive disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, mood, and behavior.

Buying food that’s pesticide-free is good for you and for people in farming communities.[8]

I will discuss pesticide exposure in detail in another section but suffice it to say there is virtually an unlimited supply of research confirming the devastating effects of pesticides. Feed lot animals provide one of the greatest concentrations of pesticides in any single food. If money is tight you would be better served by eating conventional produce and buy organic or grass fed beef with the savings.

These animals are sick and get sicker each week they are in the finishing feedlot eating foods in which their genetics were never meant to eat including of course grains and meat-their own brethren and many other meats like skunk and hippo. “Yo, two skunk and hippo plates to go!” Sure hippo, giraffe, a filthy minkey (thanks Peter Sellers), or whatever else the country’s zoos belch out per year and end up rendered.

SUBACUTE ACIDOSIS

Conventional calves sent to a feed lot are given drugs like rumensin and tylosin, antibiotics, to keep their stomachs from exploding due to the high acidity and gas generated from grains especially at the beginning during the transition from natural grass to corn and soy. Grain fed ruminants experience a condition called subacute acidosis which if left untreated can eventually kill. Big Agra refers to this as a natural adaptation to a high-grain diet but grass is what they were designed to eat so it causes stomach pain and acid reflux, which makes them kick at their belly, eat dirt, pant and salivate. In other words they are miserable.

The condition as Michael Pollen tells us in Power Steer from The New York Times Magazine can lead to diarrhea, ulcers, bloat, liver disease and a general weakening of the immune system that leaves the animal vulnerable to everything from pneumonia to feedlot polio. Cows rarely live on feedlot diets for more than six months, which might be about as much as their digestive systems can tolerate. “I don’t know how long you could feed this ration before you’d see problems,” Metzen [a veterinarian] said; another vet said that a sustained feedlot diet would eventually “blow out their livers” and kill them. As the acids eat away at the rumen wall, bacteria enter the bloodstream and collect in the liver. More than 13 percent of feedlot cattle are found at slaughter to have abscessed livers.

 “The shift to a “hot ration” of grain can so disturb the cow’s digestive process—its rumen, in particular—that it can kill the animal if not managed carefully and accompanied by antibiotics.” [9]

Grain feeding also helps to select for super bugs like acid resistant E. coli which then has a much better chance of getting past our front line defense within the low pH of our stomachs. In a study from Cornell University researchers found grain-fed cattle to have approximately 300 times more E. coli in their guts than grass-fed cattle; worse yet, the E. coli in grain-fed animals is more likely to make us sick.[10]

ANTIBIOTIC OVERUSE THREATENS OUR HEALTH

Antibiotics like Cipro are given to increase growth and to help prevent illness while living and sleeping in their own manure. Finally, after years of asking we have a number. The FDA released the first ever report on antibiotic use in America and found that factory farms used a whopping 29 million pounds of antibiotics in 2009 alone![11] To think people get mad at us for inappropriately prescribing antibiotics to patients when the estimated share of antibiotic use from all of Big Agra is as high as 84% of all uses including medicine. Big Meat has the impertinence to sit back and ignore the ever increasing threat of super antibiotic resistant bugs emerging. “Antibiotic medicines are losing effectiveness on humans due to their increased use in animal feed,” According to Margaret Mellon PhD and director of the Food and environment program for the Union of Concerned Scientists.[12] Study after study shows that in regions that have banned antibiotics in animal feed the number of patients infected with antibiotic resistant stains of bacteria plummet. Also the presence of antibiotic resistant stains of bacteria in the animals themselves is markedly decreased.[13]

Once again we have fat cats (USDA & Big Meat) making decisions (to use antibiotics that will eventually threaten our lives) behind our backs without our input just to make a buck. Is this starting to sound familiar yet?

According to William Agger, MD, director of microbiology and chief of infectious disease at Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center in La Crosse, WI, 30 million pounds of antibiotics are used in America each year.[14] Of this amount, 25 million pounds are used in animal husbandry, and 23 million pounds are used to try to prevent disease and the stress of shipping, as well as to promote growth. Only 2 million pounds are given for specific animal infections.

Agger contends that overuse of antibiotics results in food-borne infections resistant to antibiotics. Salmonella is found in 20% of ground meat, but the constant exposure of cattle to antibiotics has made 84% of salmonella resistant to at least one anti-salmonella antibiotic. Diseased animal food accounts for 80% of salmonellosis in humans, or 1.4 million cases per year. The conventional approach to countering this epidemic is to radiate food to try to kill all organisms while continuing to use the antibiotics that created the problem in the first place. Approximately 20% of chickens are contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni, an organism that causes 2.4 million cases of illness annually. Fifty-four percent of these organisms are resistant to at least one anti-campylobacter antimicrobial agent.

Denmark banned growth-promoting antibiotics beginning in 1999, which cut their use by more than half within a year, from 453,200 to 195,800 pounds. A report from Scandinavia found that removing antibiotic growth promoters had no or minimal effect on food production costs. Agger warns that the current crowded, unsanitary methods of animal farming in the US support constant stress and infection, and are geared toward high antibiotic use.[15]

Do you remember when the last spinach-born illness hit the US? I can remember one where it was contaminated with E-Coli and I also remember someone in BigAgra performed a public relations circus act claiming that the organic industry was responsible for contaminating the spinach because they use manure. Even though there was a huge beef production area nearby that may have been the real reason why the spinach was contaminated.

CANDY IS DANDY

Candy is now being added to the feed to make it more palatable in the form of a new artificial sweetener called Sweetnos®. As a substitute for the more expensive molasses the much cheaper neotame or Sweetnos® which is like aspartame on steroids, is mixed in with the foul tasting rendered guts pellets and grains to make it more appealing to these cloven hooved grass eaters. Furthermore, if neotame is anything like aspartame it will encourage overeating which is exactly what the Devils Workshop (Monsanto) and farmers are looking for. Also waste from candy companies is currently a hot item to encourage the cows to stuff  themselves.

According to a recent review, milk chocolate and candy “are often economical sources of nutrients, particularly fat… They are sometimes fed in their wrappers. Candies, such as cull gummy bears, lemon drops, or gum drops are high in sugar content.” The article recommends that “upper feeding limits for candy… and chocolate are 5 and 2 lb. per cow per day, respectively.”[16]


[1] (http://www.csuchico.edu/grassfedbeef/research/documents/sources/lipids/Enser%201998.pdf)


[2] Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Mar;56(3):181-91.

[3] www.mercola.com Manmade Problem Turned Deadlier than AIDS – Is There Still Time to Correct Course?

December 28 2010.

[4] (http://www.organicconsumers.org/madcow/grassfed111505.cfm) 09/08/2012

[5] IBID

[6] IBID

[7] (http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/03/23/how-grassfed-cows-could-save-the-planet.aspx)


[8] (http://www.eatwild.com/healthbenefits.htm) 09/09/2012

[9] Michael Pollan Power Steer The New York Times Magazine, March 31, 2002

[10] IBID

[11] www.mercola.com Manmade Problem Turned Deadlier than AIDS – Is There Still Time to Correct Course?

December 28 2010.

[12] (http://www.organicconsumers.org/foodsafety/beef052903.cfm) 09/08/2012

[13] www.mercola.com (Manmade Problem Turned Deadlier than AIDS – Is There Still Time to Correct Course?

December 28 2010)

[14] Agger WA. Antibiotic resistance: unnatural selection in the office and on the farm. Wisconsin Medical Journal . August 2002. )

[15] (http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2004/mar2004_awsi_death_03.htm)

[16] (http://www.eatwild.com/healthbenefits.htm) 09/09/2012

The Serotonin Syndrome


Today we”ll go over two  sometimes fatal syndromes that can occur from the use of the SSRI antidepressants. The first one is called the Serotonin Syndrome which can occur when the patient experiences too much serotonin effect in the brain. The second syndrome called Serotonin Withdrawal Syndrome occurs during the exact opposite of the first when a patient misses her dose or deliberately tries to quit on her own without the proper guidance. Both can be deadly in the extreme, both can also cause mania and appalling behavior such as we have been discussing here at length in other articles. Let’s look at the first one shall we:

The symptoms of the serotonin syndrome are (from The Serotonin Syndrome, AM J PSYCHIATRY, June 1991):

1. Euphoria

2. Drowsiness

3. Sustained rapid eye movement

4. Overreaction of the reflexes

5. Rapid muscle contraction and relaxation in the ankle causing abnormal movements of the foot

6. Clumsiness

7. Restlessness

8. Feeling drunk and dizzy

9. Muscle contraction and relaxation in the jaw

10. Sweating

11. Intoxication

12. Muscle twitching

13. Rigidity

14. High body temperature

15. Mental status changes were frequent (including confusion and hypomania – a “happy drunk” state)

16. Shivering

17. Diarrhea

18. Loss of consciousness and death.

There is an additional and unique 19th symptom in which the patient experiences intense, deep, brain pain which is not like a headache either it’s a totally different type of pain.

I have made this diagnosis before and it isn’t pretty. In fact I see it as yet another form of malpractice. Why malpractice? Because it usually takes a deliberate attempt to induce this syndrome by adding in one serotonergic drug after another like you would to a lab rat. In the case where I saw it, this person (see below the case of Poor Jimmy) was slowly being driven mad. It could have easily been prevented if his psychiatrist hadn’t been so apathetic. Jimmy would describe his psychiatric appointments like this: in and out in less than five minutes. How on earth can anyone tell anything in five minutes? Every time he had a complaint (side effect) he was given another serotonergic drug. Until finally he had 5 serotonergic agents on board, five! Had I not been there I fear he would have died in the next day or two before anyone could figure out what was happening. This is the same psychiatrist that was writing for speed, amphetamine, in a patient that had already suffered sudden death but was successfully revived. Recall amphetamine has a Black Box warning that includes sudden death as a consequence of chronic amphetamine exposure.

Dr Tracy continues:

The serotonin syndrome is generally caused by a combination of two or more drugs, one of which is often a selective serotonergic medication. The drugs which we know most frequently contribute to this condition are the combining of MAOIs with Prozac (this should also include the other SSRIs) or other drugs that have a powerful effect upon serotonin, ie., clomipramine (Anafranil), trazadone (Deseryl), etc. The combination of lithium with these selective serotonergic agents has been implicated in enhancing the serotonin syndrome. The tricyclic antidepressants, lithium, MAOIs, SSRIs, ECT (electric shock treatment), tryptophan, and the serotonin agonists (fenfluramine) all enhance serotonin neurotransmission and can contribute to this syndrome. Anything which will raise the level of serotonin can bring on this hyperserotonergic condition. The optimal treatment for the serotonin syndrome is discontinuation of the offending medication or medications, offer supportive measures, and wait for the symptoms to resolve. If the offending medication is discontinued, the condition will often resolve on its own within a 24 hour period. If the medication is not discontinued the condition can progress rapidly to a more serious state and become fatal. It should be apparent that the greater the enhancement of serotonin levels, the greater the chances of producing the serotonin syndrome. Therefore it is recommended that Zoloft, Prozac, Paxil, Luvox, Serzone, etc. not be used concurrently with each other or any other serotonergic drugs and that these serious adverse reactions should be expected with these combinations (Callahan, 1993). [PROZAC: PANACEA OR PANDORA?, p. 88.]

Yet the combining of these drugs is exactly what doctors do all of the time in direct contradistinction to recommended safe prescribing methods.

Serotonin Withdrawal Syndrome (SWS) On top of that, the antidepressants produce serious withdrawal reactions, making it difficult and at times life-threatening to withdraw from them, even with the recommended clinical supervision and slow taper.


Up to 60% of SSRI treated patients will have some form of serotonin withdrawal syndrome if they abruptly stop their antidepressant. There are five core systems affected:

I.            Dysequilibrium leading to ataxia (unable to walk a straight line)

II.            GI symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, or diarrhea

III.            Flu like symptoms

IV.           Sensory disturbances such as electrical shocks, and paresthesias

V.            Sleep disturbances such as insomnia and vivid dreams

The psychological symptoms include anxiety, agitation, crying spells, irritability. The afflicted patient may experience the feeling of “going postal” wanting to jump out of a car at 80 mph.
FINISH Mnemonic for Recognition of Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome[1]

Flu-like symptoms
Fatigue
Lethargy
General malaise
Muscle aches/headaches
Diarrhea
Insomnia
Nausea
Imbalance
Gait instability
Dizziness/lightheadedness
Vertigo
Sensory disturbances
Paresthesia
“Electric shock” sensations
Visual disturbance
Hyperarousal
Anxiety
Agitation
Keep in mind that withdrawal is not to be taken lightly as patients can die from this or have a psychotic break such as full blown mania. Dr Tracy provides a CD on her website titled Help I can’t Get Off My Antidepressant for any patient or physician interested in learning a way to wean yourself off of these powerfully addicting psychotropics.

Dr Breggin just published a book devoted to weaning one off of these mind melding materials: Psychiatric Drug Withdrawal: A Guide for Prescribers, Therapists, Patients and their Families by Peter Roger Breggin (Jul 19, 2012)

Recently a study came out (2011) that confirmed how difficult to near impossible it is to conventionally stop taking an antidepressant. The result of the study, Published in the journal, Frontiers of Evolutionary Psychology, was expressed by the lead author, Paul W. Andrews in Science Daily:

“We found that the more these drugs affect serotonin and other neurotransmitters in your brain—and that’s what they’re supposed to do—the greater your risk of relapse once you stop taking them…Our results suggest that when you try to go off the drugs, depression will bounce back. This can leave people stuck in a cycle where they need to keep taking anti-depressants to prevent a return of symptoms.”

I received this information from Dr Ann Blake Tracy’s newsletter. It only confirms what we already know. The only way to be rid of these drugs is to slowly, and I mean slowly, reduce your dose over 6 months or more. Of course, when you break through and develop anxiety or depression from weaning too fast your psychiatric Doc in the Box (P-DIB) will automatically conclude that it is your native disease that’s manifesting and give you another SSRI or up your original dose.





[1] Christopher H. Warner  Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome Am Fam Physician. 2006 Aug 1;74(3):449-456. (http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0801/p449.html) 04/30/2012

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

VENN-DIAGRAM OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS


Psychopharmacology a term first coined in the early 20th century is the term used to describe the science of psychiatric medications.
The timeline for psychopharmacology and its antidepressant/antipsychotic drugs are as follows:[1] For completeness I have added in a few key items in brackets.
The 1950’s
  1. Development of phenothiazines [E.g., Thorazine]
  2. Discovery of iproniazid’s and Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs’) antidepressant effects in tuberculosis patients
  3. Synthesis and beginning use of  Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), like imipramine, for depression
The 1960’s
  1. Beginnings of broad clinical use of TCAs, like amitriptyline-Elavil, now preferred over MAOIs
  2. [Ritalin approved for kids]
  3. Catecholamine hypothesis of depression widely discussed and investigated
Up to the early1990’s
  1. Development and clinical use of SSRIs, like fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline
  2. Broadening use of antidepressants for other conditions like anxiety disorders and painful conditions
  3. More common prescribing of antidepressant agents by primary care physicians
Up to the present day
  1. Synthesis and clinical use of dual-acting norepinephrine and serotonin (NE and 5-HT) antidepressants, with fewer TCA-like side effects, including SNRIs (venlafaxine- Effexor, duloxetine-Cymbalta), mirtazapine-Remeron, bupropion, and nefazodone
  2. More rigorous investigation of the analgesic properties of newer antidepressant agents
  3. [The widespread use of the atypical antipsychotics characterized by their dual action of blocking both dopamine and serotonin receptors (D2, 5HT2) such as Seroquel]  
Below is a listing of all the currently available atypicals (AAP’s) on the market.
I listed many of the atypicals along with their names off Wikipedia. Several of the atypicals are worse for causing weight gain.[2] W+ indicates those associated with the greatest risk of clinically significant weight gain. ὡ indicates moderate risk of weight gain. π indicates lowest risk of weight gain. D indicates the greatest risk of diabetes and dyslipidemia (increase in triglycerides and a decrease in HDL).
From the data in this study the largest weight gain also poses the greatest risk for diabetes which makes sense. In fact, the two are associated, it’s called diabesity as I’ve mentioned in the chapter on obesity. Many other drugs in this list cause big gains in weight-ones that are not supposed to make you fat. If you happen to get really fat on another drug generally thought to be less risky, all of the other risk factors come with it such as increased chance of developing diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and heart disease. With that comes heart attack and stroke the natural sequelae from inflammation which is what the metabolic syndrome is-an inflammatory disease. In other words AAP’s (and the SSRI’s) are very pro-inflammatory affecting your endothelium in a severe way.
Anywhere from 70 to over 90 patients die per year from AAP overdose and toxicity. They are not just bad for you they are bad to you. Let’s look at the Black Box warnings for Clozaril the first AAP to hit the market:
Clozapine also carries eleven black box warnings for agranulocytosis, CNS depression, leukopenia, neutropenia, seizure disorder, bone marrow suppression, dementia, hypotension, myocarditis, orthostatic hypotension (with or without syncope) and seizures.[3]
If you must take an atypical (a small percentage may need to only if exercise 7 days a week and/or therapy fails first) then at least ask your doctor if you can get on metformin as well. Metformin has been shown to help prevent metabolic complications in patients taking an atypical.[4]These data are provided because I want you to know the risks in taking an AAP. If you are taking one get to the bottom of why are you on it. Most indications are weak, written by primary care doctors not psychiatrists. You need to get off of it before it harms or even kills you. Below I outline the simple yet reliable technique I use to wean patients off of these dreadful drugs.
As you can see from the timeline the newer materials started becoming popular in the 90’s. They replaced the older tricyclic antidepressants (TCA’s) because they weren’t as sedating or drying. Anyone who takes Elavil (a TCA) knows how dry your mouth can get or worse. These are called the anticholinergic side effects which are generally dry mouth, blurry vision, difficulty urinating, and sexual dysfunction. The sedation is from theantihistamine side effect. Think of Benadryl as the quintessential antihistamine-very sedating but it also has a powerful anticholinergic profile so you see dry mouth and urinary retention. Taking high-dose Benadryl is not unlike a dose of Elavil.
In addition it was found that the SSRI’s could treat anxiety quite well and were able to be used instead of addicting drugs like Valium. Valium is fine for very short periods of time say 1-2 weeks. After that a tolerance quickly mounts and soon an addiction can develop. Furthermore, Valium has a very long half life leading to a pretty powerful hangover the next day and it can interfere with work. If you become addicted stopping Valium at this point produces the exact effects you were being treated for, only stronger. So you see enhanced insomnia, profound anxiety and so forth. Not a great deal for the one stuck taking Valium (or any other in the benzodiazepine class) chronically. When that’s all over you still have anxiety and insomnia because you never addressed the root cause(s).
That’s why the SSRI’s were so acceptable. You could now treat anxiety and depression with one pill and leave them on it basically forever. At the time, they felt it was completely safe and non-addicting. They also found that some-the ones that also blocked reuptake of norepinephrine-could treat pain. So you have a drug with fewer side effects, especially the ones that really bother people like dry mouth and sedation, “non-addicting”, with anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects, and it’s dosed once per day. While some types can replace Elavil for the treatment of chronic pain like peripheral neuropathy (from diabetes) or post-herpetic neuralgia without the patient being knocked out and given cotton mouth.
That was how it all got started. I read how meperidine got going as well. Meperidine or Demerol® was the first synthetic narcotic hailed as non habit forming at the time it was introduced back in the 30’s. Well it didn’t take long before half the surgeons in the country were addicted to it. That’s how well we know if a new drug is addicting. Likewise we now know that for about half the population taking an SSRI it is next to impossible to withdraw from acutely without as Ann Blake Tracy would say going postal-wanting to jump out of a car at 80 mph.
THE LOW SEROTONIN & CHEMICAL IMBALANCE THEORIES OF DEPRESSION
Because psychiatry deals with the mind and they wish to remain in the reductionist camp, they are constantly looking for a “physical” explanation for “mental” disease. After decades of research they are not much closer to providing a failsafe theory for depression or any other mental illness. Years ago the prevailing wisdom was that depressed patients had a chemical imbalance in their brain that led to depression. This was first thought to be a catecholamine imbalance, a decrease in the level of neurotransmitters in the brain like norepinephrine or dopamine. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow communication from brain cell to brain cell as part of an electrochemical signaling system. Later the theory was amended to single out low brain serotonin as the cause of depression. Serotonin is one of the neurotransmitters found in the brain. However, the vast majority of serotonin is located outside the brain in the gut and mesentery. The low serotonin idea was the prevailing theory when I was in medical school. It’s not surprising that the SSRI’s would be prescribed for this condition since they dovetail nicely with theory. SSRI’s increase the available serotonin within the depleted brain of the depressed patient. Once the serotonin level becomes normalized the patient no longer is depressed. Nice and neat.
Unfortunately both the chemical imbalance and the low serotonin theories are incorrect. As early as 1983 while I was being taught the low serotonin theory the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) concluded that there is no evidence that anything is wrong with the serotonergic system in depressed patients.
Later in 2009 at the Neuroscience conference in Chicago Illinois, Dr Eva Redei, a long time researcher in depression, found strong indications that depression is the result of some sort of dysfunction of your neurons (brain cells), that stress does not cause depression and that decreased levels of neurotransmitters-a popular press belief-are not involved in depression. Moreover the medications are focusing on the effect, not the cause, of depression which is why more than half the patients prescribed antidepressants for depression never get relief.[5]
NOW YOU KNOW THAT THE THEORIES OF DEPRESSION ARE WRONG. DRUGS THAT INCREASE SEROTONIN TO TREAT DEPRESSION HAVE NO THEORY TO SUPPORT THEIR USE. WE ALSO SEE FROM ABOVE THAT THE NEWER AAP’S HAVE A PORTFOLIO OF COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS MASSIVE WEIGHT GAIN, DIABETES, HEART ATTACK AND STROKE. IN THE NEXT PUBLICATION WE’LL REVIEW DR IRVING KIRSCH’S  NEW BOOK THE EMPEROR’S NEW DRUG WHERE HE SHOCKED THE COUNTRY WHEN HE FOUND OUT THAT ALL OF THESE NEWER DRUGS-THE SSRI’S-WORK NO BETTER THAN PLACEBO-A SUGAR PILL. WE’LL ALSO GO OVER EVEN MORE SHOCKING NEWS THAT THESE DRUGS DO IN FACT INDUCE MURDER, MAYHEM, AND SUICIDES.


[1] Joseph A. Lieberman III, M.D., M.P.H. History of the Use of Antidepressants in Primary Care. (http://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/pccpdf/v05s07/v05s0702.pdf)
[2] Nasrallah HA, Newcomer JW  Atypical antipsychotics and metabolic dysregulation: evaluating the risk/benefit equation and improving the standard of care. (J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004 Oct;24(5 Suppl 1):S7-14) 04/26/2012
[4] Pramyothin PKhaodhiar L. Metabolic syndrome with the atypical antipsychotics.(Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010 Oct;17(5):460-6) 04/26/2012
[5] The Dangers of Taking Antidepressants with Aspirin (http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/11/04/antidepressants)



воскресенье, 15 апреля 2018 г.

Искусственный интеллект нашел несколько тысяч новых вирусов


Искусственный интеллект восстановил более 10000 генетических последовательностей, объединив их в группы. И, оказалось, среди них 6000 геномов ранее не были известны науке.

Американские ученые выявили около 6000 ранее неизвестных видов вирусов. Компьютерная программа проанализировала ДНК в образцах, забранных из разных сред.
Искусственный интеллект позволил ускорить процесс анализа ДНК в разы. Биолог Саймон Ру из Объединенного института генома DOE в Уолнат-Крик научил компьютер идентифицировать генетическую последовательность вирусов, поселяющихся в бактериях и изменяющих поведение последних. Искусственный интеллект восстановил более 10000 последовательностей, объединив их в группы. И, оказалось, среди них 6000 геномов ранее не были известны науке. Опробованная система способна найти новые виды и других вирусов, убежден Ру.
На сегодняшний день самым большим вирусом считается питовирус. Его центр скрывают липиды (жиры). Когда вирус попадает в клетку, он открывает отверстия в своей оболочке и выбрасывает содержимое. Это превращает клетку в настоящий конвейер по воспроизведению вируса. Что важно, геном гигантских вирусов довольно разнообразен. У пандовируса ученые насчитали 2556 генов, и назначение 2155 из них остается неизвестными.
По словам исследователей, предками этих вирусов были протоклеточные формы. Однако гигантские вирусы проиграли войну с бактериями LUCA, от которых зародилось все живое (универсальный общий предок).